Falling stout bubbles explained

Irish mathematicians may have solved the mystery of why bubbles in stout beers such as Guinness sink: it may simply be down to the glass.

Simulations suggest an upward flow at the glass's centre and a downward flow at its edges in which the liquid carried the bubbles down with it.

But the reasons behind this flow pattern remained a mystery.

Now a study on the Arxiv server reports simulations and experiments showing the standard glass' shape is responsible.

Many stout beers contain nitrogen as well as the carbon dioxide that is present in all beers.

Because nitrogen is less likely to dissolve in liquid, that results in smaller and longer-lasting bubbles.

But it is the sinking bubble that has confounded physicists and mathematicians alike for decades.

Like many such "fluid dynamics" problems, getting to the heart of the matter is no easy task; only recently was it proved they actually sink rather than being the result of an optical illusion.

Now the University of Limerick's William Lee, Eugene Benilov and Cathal Cummins have discovered the simple answer to the problem - and a test that can be carried out by consumers as well.

The team has been generally interested in the formation of bubbles in liquids.

"One of the things we found was it's actually very easy to see bubbles forming in stout beer rather than in, say, champagne where the bubble formation process is much more violent," Dr Lee told BBC News.

Drag race

But as has happened to a generation of like-minded scientists before them, the question of falling bubbles became their focus.

The team had the idea - borne out by calculations carried out by Mr Cummins - that the relative density of bubbles and the surrounding liquid could be behind the phenomenon.

"If you imagine your pint is full of bubbles, then the bubbles will start to rise," Dr Lee said.

But the bubbles in a standard pint glass find themselves in a different environment as they rise straight up.

"Because of the sloping wall of the pint, the bubbles are moving away from the wall, which means you're getting a much denser region next to the wall," Dr Lee explained.

"That is going to sink under its own gravity, because it's less buoyant, and that sinking fluid will pull the bubbles down."

The bubbles, that is, are "trying" to rise, but the circulation that creates drives fluid down at the wall of the glass.

"You'll see sinking bubbles not because the bubbles themselves are sinking, but because the fluid is and it's pulling them down with it."

The same flow pattern occurs with other beers such as lagers, but the larger bubbles of carbon dioxide are less subject to that drag.

Mr Cummins carried out calculations using a simulated pint and "anti-pint" - that is, the upside-down version of a pint glass - showing the effect at work; in the anti-pint, the bubbles rise as expected.

For those interested in experimenting in the pub, the effect can be best seen if a pint of stout is served in a straight-sided, cylindrical glass (not quite filled up).

If the glass is tilted at an angle while the pint settles, the side in the direction of the tilt represents the normal situation of a pint glass, while the opposite side is the "anti-pint" - and bubbles can be seen to both rise and fall in the same glass.

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Puppy Mouthing | @eHow Pets Training Video | A Place to Love Dogs

by eHow Pets, Contributor / A Place To Love Dogs

Puppies explore the world with their mouths, but they need to be taught there are boundaries when it comes to mouthing. Victoria and Winston show you how.

In Teacher?s Pet, Victoria Stilwell shows you how to employ her Positively Method to train your dog the right way, growing your level of communication to strengthen the bond between you and your pet.

Victoria Stilwell is widely known as a dog trainer, author, and television presenter. Stilwell served as a judge on the CBS show Greatest American Dog and is best known as the host of the Animal Planet dog training TV show It?s Me or the Dog, where she counsels families with problem pets and solves their dogs? behavior problems. In 2010, she launched Positively, the world?s first global network of hand-picked world-class dog trainers dedicated to providing the public a brand name they can trust in humane, force-free training.

More tips from Victoria: http://positively.com

Published by eHowPets

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Puppy Mouthing | @eHow Pets Training Video http://www.aplacetolovedogs.com/2012/05/puppy-mouthing-ehow-pets-training-vid...

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Sony Xperia Sola Launched In India For Rs.20,449

Earlier this year, Sony Mobile Communications unveiled the unique Sony Xperia Sola smartphone. It is the company?s first device to feature the unique ?Floating Touch? technology. This technology allows the users to navigate the web by hovering their finger above the screen, without actually touching the screen. Once the link is found, it can be highlighted and a simple tap will load the page.

This handset was already up for pre-order at major online retailers from the last couple of weeks. Today, Sony Mobile Communications officially launched this amazing handset in India. This device runs on the Android 2.3 (Gingerbread) OS. However, Sony will roll out the Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich) update shortly after launch. Sony has also partnered with Tata Docomo to offer free 3G data usage as well as exclusive games for the Xperia Sola owners.

Mr Sunil Tandon, Head of Non-Voice Services, Tata Teleservices Limited, said:
?At Tata Docomo, we have always strived to take the mobility experience to newer levels and add new dimensions to our range of handsets, since they are an important element of our ecosystem. Partnering with Sony Mobile will enable us to provide customers with a compelling proposition?that of accessing free data services (up to 3GB) on Tata Docomo platform, making for a new and invigorating mobility experience on Xperia Sola.?

sony xperia sola

Sony Xperia Sola features a 3.7 inch Reality display, sporting a resolution of 854 x 480 pixels, 1 GHz STE U8500 dual-core processor, Android 2.3 (Gingerbread) Operating System (upgradable to Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich OS), Floating Touch, Xperia Timescape, 5 megapixel auto-focus camera with Flash, 16x digital zoom, Face detection and Geotagging, HD (720p) video recording, Facebook inside Xperia, DLNA Certified, Native USB tethering, NFC (Near Field communication), Wi-Fi 802.11 b/g/n, 3G Connectivity and so on.

Other features include a 3.5 mm audio jack, FM radio with RDS, 3D surround sound, Stereo Bluetooth with A2DP, PlayNow service, Google Play, NeoReader barcode scanner, A-GPS, Wisepilot turn-by-turn navigation, Micro USB support, 8 GB internal memory, microSD card slot, 32 GB expandable memory, Wi-Fi Hotspot functionality, up to 40 hrs of music playback time, up to 6 hrs of video playback time, up to 6 hrs of talk-time, up to 470 hrs of stand-by time and a 1320 mAh battery.

Sony Xperia Sola comes with a price-tag of Rs.20,449 (approx. $370) in India. Tata Docomo 3G pre-pay customers will get 3 GB of free data for three months, while the post-pay 3G customers will be get 1 GB data per month for three months. On the other hand, Tata Docomo 2G pre-pay customers will get 3 GB free data usage for 90 days and 300 minutes of local Tata to Tata calling, while Tata Docomo 2G postpay customers will get 1 GB free data usage per month for the next three months, along with 100 minutes of local Tata to Tata calling per month for three months.

Author: Omkar Dutta

Omkar Dutta is a 21 yrs old Mobile Enthusiast from Mumbai, India. He loves to check out latest software, mobile phones and web services. Currently, he writes for this awesome blog as well as Fone Arena. You can follow him on Twitter @0mkarr

Omkar Dutta has written 1120 articles for us.

The author of this post can be contacted at omkar@techie-buzz.com

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Reviews You Can Use: Third-Party Product Reviews And Stock Price

A recent article (pdf) in the Journal of Marketing studied the impact that third-party reviews (TPRs) of new products can have on stock prices.

Third party reviews (TPRs) are simply reviews by professionals and media that are independent of the sellers of the product.

The article studies the impact movie reviews had on the stock price of the parent company. The authors looked at movie releases in 2005-2006 and studied the critics reviews from major newspapers and entertainment media.

The study covered films from 21 studios owned by the usual media suspects: Viacom (VIA), Time Warner (TWX), Disney (DIS), Sony (SNE), News Corp (NWS), Lions Gate (LGF), General Electric (GE). It also examined the timing of the review, whether it was negative, positive or neutral, and other factors. To simplify the complex research methodology, the study was probing links between the critics reviews and stock price.

Interestingly, the study also looked in depth at the relative quality of reviews (ie, if they were more or less positive or negative than existing reviews). The authors probed for changes in the information and expectations about the film and quantified the results.

Summary of Findings:

While it is probably not a surprise to most investors that John Carter wont do much to boost Disneys stock price, the article had some potentially useful findings. The actual impact of TPRs on stock price is much more nuanced than simply bad reviews hurting stock prices and positive ones boosting prices.

The authors summarized their study findings as follows:

The goal of this research is to examine how TPRs of new products may influence firm valuation. We show that, during the pre-introduction stage, investors pay attention to professional reviews to update their expectations about product sales potential. This is a dynamic process, and an important consequence is that the influence of a particular TPR on firm value depends on how it differs from other, previously published reviews. The face value of a review does not matter much; a negative review may still influence investors positively as long as it offers a more positive evaluation than earlier reviews (ie, it beats the expectations based on earlier reviews). This unique value of relative valence of TPRs is consistent with the more general observation that what moves the stock market is unexpected news that shifts expectations (Chen, Liu, amp; Zhang, 2012, 131) (emphasis added).

So, interestingly, we see that another horrid review of John Carter is not likely to move the stock as much as, say, a markedly less horrid review that offers some glimmer of hope for the epic flop. And while the study used movies as a research context, some of the same concepts and findings could apply to other contexts. Another cited study in the article?one by Tellis and Johnson (2007) ? for example, linked the technology product reviews of Walter Mossberg in the Wall Street Journal to changes in stock prices of firms.

Other key points the authors make include:

  1. the timing of the review can be important;
  2. the amount of existing information available about a product matters; and
  3. companies can also use advertising to impact the marketplace of ideas.

Third-party product reviews at or close to the release of a new product and those where there is less information about the product may have more impact on stock price. There could be some practical applications of these findings for investors.

For example, we might consider how a product review about a new car that has a high level of uncertainty (eg, Chryslers revived 2013 Dodge Dart) could be more impactful than a review about a very well-known product that has already been released (eg, the 2012 Toyota Camry, the most popular car in the US)

With the 2013 models rolling out, the auto sector may be a useful context for investors to test the third-party review research findings on their own.

Some TPR Takeaways for Individual Investors:

  • Look for Surprises in New Places With New Tools: Probing product reviews in the media could be another useful tool in the investors toolbox. This is the key lesson. While most of Wall Street is looking at the same company data to predict possible earnings surprises, individual investor may want to brush up on the latest product reviews in the media and look for subtle changes in the tenor of product reviews.
  • Look for Friends in Low Places: To continue with the auto analogy, the research in the article tends to show a steady stream of positive or negative reviews does not tend to prompt changes in stock price; however, a surprisingly less negative review of an auto maker that has had a steady stream of negative reviews could provide the greatest upside. The darlings of the product reviewers have to live up to and even exceed already high expectations (like a company with a very high P/E ratio). In the auto market, there remains considerable room for upside TPR surprises in the big three: General Motors (GM), Ford (F), Chrysler/Fiat (FIATY.PK). And this very positive TPR, for example, on the 2013 Ford Escape may bode well for that company.
  • Look at the Market for Expectations: Ford moving up on Consumer Reports overall brand rating from 10th place (2012 ranking) back to 5th place (its 2011 ranking) is probably more notable than Toyota (TM) moving up from #3 (2012) to #1 or #2 next year. Also, Toyota and Honda (HMC) have been perennial winners in reputable Consumer Reports auto ratings. But in 2012 Subaru (FUJHY.PK) claimed the top spot and Mazda (MZDAY.PK) was runner up for overall brands. Toyota took the bronze and Honda was fourth. These changes in rank indicate how firms may seek to boost or maintain product expectations in the future. This recent TPR desribes why the 2013 Honda Accord MUST be a hit and highlights the interplay of expectations, TPRs and overall firm value.
  • Advertising Matters : Marketing can also be a factor and act to leverage good TPRs or mitigate bad ones. More consumers watch the Super Bowl than read Consumer Reports after all. And this factor can tie in with timing and TPRs. The Toyota/Telsa electric RAV 4 is soon to be released, for example, and early TPRs (and advertising will be key) for this version of the popular model. Investors may see how the timing of the TPRs and the new product release date can highlight the importance of reviews ? because the investor and consumer do not have much information about the product.
  • Size Up The Dog in the Third Party Review Fight: Be aware that some products may be a very minor part of a companys overall revenue or profits. Hondas #1 push mower reviews in Consumer Reports (see, eg, May, 2011) probably have less influence on stock price than its Edmunds #1 ranking for highest value retention among automakers (after five years). How Honda fares in mowers ( just 7% of sales) may not move the stock as much as a positive (or negative) surprise review in its bread and butter auto sector (81% or revenues).

Of course, looking at products for investment ideas is old hat to many investors. The popular investing literature of Phil Fisher recommends this hands on scuttle butt research, and Peter Lynch recommended new investors start looking for investment ideas at stores and in what their friends and family were buying.

And while consumers have long used third-party reviews to make buying decisions, now investors who understand these reviews in greater depth may be able to use them in making investment decisions.

Disclosure:

I am long F, DIS.

Additional disclosure: I also own most of these stocks through broad-based index funds, sector etfs and mutual funds.

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S.Africa GDP growth slows, but factory output up

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Internet Filtering in China

? Julie Hilden On Facebook "Likes" As Constitutionally Protected Speech | Main | Changes In EU's Film Tax Credit Regime May Be Coming ?

May 23, 2012

Internet Filtering in China

Jyh-An Lee, National Chengchi University, and Ching-Yi Lee have published Forbidden City Enclosed by the Great Firewall: The Law and Power of Internet Filtering in China?in volume 13 of the Minnesota Journal of Law, Science, and Technology (2012). Here is the abstract.

China?s Internet filtering and censorship regime has received considerable global attention. The Chinese government has successfully regulated access to Internet content at the national level through technical means. Although some researchers optimistically viewed the Internet as a liberating force in China?s democratic development, the Chinese government has actually been using network technologies to control online information and grafting its own ideology to the Net. Digital technologies have become the government?s tool to tamp down political threats. The rise of the Chinese model of Internet control prompts many interesting questions associated with Internet law scholarship. This Article uses Lawrence Lessig?s pronouncement ?code is law? as a lens for understanding the Internet filtering system in China. Through the application of Lessig?s theory to the great firewall of China, we aim to illustrate the theory?s new implications and the government?s policy options in cyberspace.

Download the article from SSRN at the link.

May 23, 2012 | Permalink

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Beverly Macy: This Is Not a Bubble -- It's a Wave, and You're Not on It

In surfing, it's the 'tube' ride or 'cracking the barrel' that creates heroes. There's an aura around those who've mastered this skill and they say that words fail to describe the magnificence of the ocean and the ride.

In fact, tube riding is a super-advanced skill, and most surfers spend their lifetimes surfing without ever getting "tubed" (the term used for being inside the barrel of the wave).

Conditions have to be absolutely perfect for the wave to create the tube and for the surfer to be inside it.

I think about this when I read about the Facebook/social media bubble. Those busy wringing their hands are missing the point entirely. This is not a bubble. This is a wave, and if your company doesn't know that yet, then you're already missing the ride.

Business has changed. Communication has changed. The social-mobile-local-cloud (SoLoMoClo) is producing multi-billion dollar ecosystems that are changing how we communicate, collaborate, compensate, and coordinate resources and information.

Companies are leveraging the social business graph of their employees, suppliers, and other stakeholders to revolutionize how business is done. Security is also burgeoning with disruptive innovation as the value chain goes to the cloud.

This SoLoMoCLo business wave holds as much awesome power and strength of the Banzai Pipeline and is set to change the game forever. This is not an overstatement. And according to Wikipedia, "The extreme challenge posed to even the best athletes when Pipeline is breaking at full size cannot be overstated. Numerous surfers and photographers have been killed at Pipe... "

That's the task facing businesses today -- either you're on the wave or you're not. Think of the rich rewards for companies who can harness these new ecosystems and produce intelligence from sheer volume of real-time engagements swirling around the globe. IBM did, and they've launched a Social Business division. That in itself is telling -- IBM seldom makes 'risky' investments.

Piercing that cloud of global consumer velocity, sentiment, and connections will ultimately enable business visionaries to change education, healthcare, government, supply-chain management, payments systems, entertainment, advertising, and more.

Is your company nurturing theses 'tube riders' -- the next generation of super-skilled business ninjas? Or are you snickering about the 'bubble' and hoping everything goes 'back to normal'?

It's your choice. I hear Big Wave wipeouts are no fun -- even deadly.

Beverly Macy is the CEO of Gravity Summit LLC and the Co-Author of The Power of Real-Time Social Media Marketing. She consults with Fortune 500 executives on social media and social business and teaches Executive Global Marketing and Branding and Social Media Marketing for the UCLA Extension Email her at beverlymacy@gmail.com.

?

Follow Beverly Macy on Twitter: www.twitter.com/beverlymacy

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MusicWidget, il nuovo widget compatibile con Dashboard X per iPhone e iPad (Chimera Revo)

Tempo fa fece il proprio ingresso nel mondo iOS Dashboard X, il quale introduceva una sostanziale novit? che ha fatto sempre un po? discutere: i widget nella Springboard. Con iOS 5, infatti, Apple rese disponibile l?utilizzo dei widget, ma confinati esclusivamente nel Notification Center. Grazie a Dashboard X ? possibile aggiungere i widget anche tra [...]

Fonte : Chimera Revo

Tag : Apple, E!, High Tech, iOs, iPad

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